Marius Bancila’s Blog

Visual Studio 11 brings many new things for native development, including support for new features from C++11 (unfortunately not all), or ability to write Metro apps with C++/CX including modeling the UI with XAML. In this post I will talk a bit about three favorite features that I noticed immediately after trying VS11 from Windows 8 Developer Preview.

Use of namespaces
Finally, I see namespaces promoted in native code. Yes, it’s C++/CX and they were probably forced to use namespaces for a consistent experience from the various languages that target the Windows Runtime, but it’s a very nice change to the default templates for C++ projects where everything is put in the global namespace. I can only hope they will improve that in this version or the next for standard C++ applications (whether Win32 console apps or MFC apps).

namespace Sample
{
    public ref class MainPage
    {
        public:
            MainPage();
            ~MainPage();
    };
}

UPDATE: looks like I wasn’t clear enough, I’m not saying namespaces is a new C++ feature (duh), I’m saying Visual Studio templates for C++ don’t promote that. Create a Win32 project, an MFC project, and ATL project, there are no namespaces. You’d have to code everything manually, but if you do it, you mess the wizards. So, what I’m saying is that I hope we can see namespaces promoted for other project and item templates too.

Partial classes
I already wrote about partial classes, but I want to reiterate this feature. Partial classes gives you the ability to define a class in several files. This is great because developers and code generator tools such as designers can edit different parts of the same class without interfering one with the other. This feature made it possible for supporting XAML user interfaces in C++/CX Metro applications.

I’m actually wondering why isn’t this already part of standard C++ and I can only wish that the next version (which hopefully will not take another decade to conclude) will include this feature.

Better Syntax Highlighting
Below is a comparison for the same piece of code highlighted by Visual Studio 2010 on the left, and Visual Studio.vNext (11) on the right.

There is hardly any formatting in VS10. However, on the other hand, the highlighting in VS11 is beautiful. User defined types (including library types) are displayed with another color than the built-in types (such as int), including in their definition. STL types (string, vector, etc.) are finally identified as types and displayed with the appropriate color. Also the name of parameters is displayed in italics which makes them easily identifiable. There are other things about the highlighting, but these striking changes.

If you tried the Win8 Developer Preview and built WinRT components (native or managed) you noticed the .winmd files. The name stands for Windows Meta Data and the format of these files is the same used by the .NET framework for the CLI, i.e. ECMA-335. That means you can actually read these files with a tool such as ILDASM or Reflector, or of course, through .NET Reflection.

If you look in C:\Windows\System32\WinMetadata folder you’ll find the WinMD files for the Windows Runtime. You can browse the content of these files with one of the aforementioned disassemblers.

Here are two dummy WinRT components, one developed in C++/CX and one in C#.

namespace WinRTNativeComponent
{
    public ref class MyWinRTComponent sealed
    {
        int _id;
		String^ _name;

    public:
		MyWinRTComponent () {}
		~MyWinRTComponent () {}

        property int Id
        {
            int get() { return _id; }
            void set(int value) { _id = value; }
        }

		property String^ Name
		{
			String^ get() {return _name;}
			void set(String^ value) { _name= value; }
		}

        bool Update(int id, String^ name)
		{
			{
				if(_id == id)
				{
					_name = name;
					return true;
				}

				return false;
			}
		}
    };
}

namespace WinRTManagedComponent
{
    public sealed class MyWinRTComponent
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }

        bool Update(int id, string name)
        {
            if (Id == id)
            {
                Name = name;
                return true;
            }

            return false;
        }
    }
}

In the case of the native component, the output includes a DLL and a WINMD file (and of course a PDB file). In the case of the managed component, the output is either a DLL only or a WINMD only (plus the associated PDB file), depending on the Output type as defined in the project properties. If the type is Class Library the output is a DLL; this is enough if your component is supposed to be consumed from a managed language. However, if the component should be consumed from C++/CX or Javascript, then the project type must be set to WinMD File. In this case the DLL is replaced by a WinMD file, that contains, at least in the current version, both the matadata (as implied by the name) and the implementation.

Native WinRT component in C++/CX	Managed WinRT component in C#

It should be possible to use reflection with winmd files. However, the reflection capabilities of .NET 4.5 in this developer preview seem to be very limited. The only available Load method in the Assembly class is

public static Assembly Load(AssemblyName assemblyRef);

Trying to load the winmd file fails with a FailLoadException with the message “Could not load file or assembly ‘Winmdreflection, ContentType=WindowsRuntime’ or one of its dependencies. Operation is not supported. (Exception from HRESULT: 0×80131515)”.

try
{
    var assembly = Assembly.Load(
        new AssemblyName()
        {
            Name = "WinRTManagedComponent",
            ContentType = AssemblyContentType.WindowsRuntime
        });
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
}

It is possible though to read information for the types described in an winmd file in native code using the IMetaDataImport/IMetaDataImport2 COM interfaces. You can find an example here. But this has the drawback that you have to instantiate an object first and then query for its type information.

To use a Windows Runtime component in a Metro application (managed or native) you have to add a reference to it. That is pretty straight forward. In the following example I’m adding a reference in a C++ Metro application to the two WinRT components, one native and one managed, shown earlier. To do this, you can go to the project’s property page and open the Common Properties > Frameworks and References page, or use the References command from the project’s context menu which opens that page directly. You can add a reference to a project from the same solution, to a Windows component or you can browse for the winmd file.

Having done that you can instantiate the WinRT components.

auto obj1 = ref new WinRTManagedComponent::MyWinRTComponent();
obj1->Id = 1;
obj1->Name = L"marius";

auto obj2 = ref new WinRTNativeComponent::MyWinRTComponent();
obj2->Id = 1;
obj2->Name = L"marius";

Windows Runtime, or shortly WinRT, is a new runtime (siting on top of the Windows kernel) that allows developers to write Metro style applications for Windows 8, using a variety of languages including C/C++, C#, VB.NET or JavaScript/HTML5. Microsoft has started rolling out information about Windows 8 and the new runtime at BUILD.

(source www.zdnet.com)

WinRT is a native layer (written in C++ and being COM-based) that is intended as a replacement, or alternative, to Win32, and enables development of “immersive” applications, using the Metro style. Its API is object oriented and can be consumed both from native or managed languages, as well as JavaScript. At the same time the old Win32 applications will continue to run just as before and you can still (and most certainly will) develop Win32 applications.

Microsoft has created a new language called C++ Component Extension, or simply C++/CX. While the syntax is very similar to C++/CLI, the language is not managed, it’s still native. WinRT components built in C++/CX do not compile to managed code, but to 100% native code. A good news for C++ developers is that they can use XAML now to build the UI for immersive applications. However, this is not available for classical, Win32 applications.

You can get a glimpse of the new system and the tools by downloading and installing the Windows Developer Preview with tools, that includes the following:

• 64-bit Windows Developer Preview
• Windows SDK for Metro style apps
• Microsoft Visual Studio 11 Express for Windows Developer Preview
• Microsoft Expression Blend 5 Developer Preview
• 28 Metro style apps including the BUILD Conference app

Notice this is a pre-beta release and you might encounter various problems.

Before you start here are several additional articles that you might want to read:

• WinRT: An Object Orientated Replacement for Win32
• C++ Component Extensions: The New Face of COM
• C# and Visual Basic on the WinRT API
• Creating Windows Runtime Components in C++
• Tutorial: Creating and using extension SDKs
• Using the Windows Runtime from C++

There are also several new forums available on MSDN forums for developing Metro style applications, which you can use for addressing technical questions. Hopefully thee will be answers from Microsoft people working in this area.

I was doing some development in Visual Studio 2010 Beta 2 and I had to add some references to my projects. When I opened the Add Reference dialog I realized something was wrong: it was working very fast. Since I’m using Visual Studio 2008 for every day development I am used to wait tens of seconds before the dialog loads all the references and only after that I can select what I want. But in Visual Studio 2010 it popped up instantly and all the tabs were browse able at the same speed. This was not normal. Usually new versions are slower that older ones (and I suspect Visual Studio 2010 has such features), but Add Reference dialog works great.

Then I browsed the web I came across this post from Scott Guthrie who explain what has changed:

• default active tab when the Add Reference dialog is opened is now Projects, and not .NET
• .NET and COM tabs load asynchronously in worker threads, populating the lists as references are discovered, without blocking the UI thread, which means you can browse through the references as soon as you open the tab

There are only two things that I can say: first is that I’m impressed. I now get instantly what it used to take maybe half a minute. Second is that I’m puzzled that it took so many years to implement that. Anyway, good work.

With VC++ Feature Pack Microsoft has added new classes to MFC to provide support for new controls. However, these controls were not available from the designer. One had to manually wrote all the code for enabling an application to use these controls. Visual Studio 2010 Beta 2, released a couple of weeks ago, provides support in the designer for these controls.

MFC controls in the Toolbar

Here is a screen shot of a dialog application with these controls:

New MFC Controls

The controls are:

• Color button (CMFCColorButton): represent a color picker control allowing users to select a color
• Font combo box (CMFCFontComboBox) : represent a combo control that displays a list of fonts available in the system
• Edit browse (CMFCEditBrowseCtrl): an editable control with a button that displays a dialog for selecting a file or a folder
• Visual Studio list box (CVSListBox): an editable list control with buttons for adding, removing or rearranging items in the list
• Masked edit (CMFCMaskedEdit): a masked edit control that has a string template representing the structure of the allowed input, which is validated against the value provided by the user
• Menu button (CMFCMenuButton): displays a pop-up menu (from a menu resource) and reports the command selected by the user
• Property grid (CMFCPropertyGridCtrl): an editable property grid control
• Shell list (CMFCShellListCtrl): a list control that displays the files and folders from you system just list Windows Explorer list view does
• Shell tree (CMFCShellTreeCtrl): a tree control that displays the folder from your system just like the Windows Explorer folder view does
• Link control (CMFCLinkCtrl): is a special button that has the appearance of a hyperlink and invokes the target link when pressed

Not all the properties for these controls are available from the designer. For instance the properties list still needs hand coding, it is not possible to select a menu resource for the menu button nor the starting point for the shell tree and list. However, having them available in the toolbar is a good step forward.

If you are still using Visual Studio 2005 and need to develop WCF services you need the following:

• Microsoft .NET Framework 3.0 Redistributable Package (SP2)
• The Visual Studio 2005 extensions for.NET Framework 3.0 (WCF & WPF), November 2006 CTP 3

The problem with the later is that Microsoft no longer supports it. Visual Studio 2008 is supposed to be used for developing such projects. The license for the CTP has expired on June 30th 2008. You can read more about that here. What that means is that you can no longer develop WCF applications in Visual Studio 2005 and should upgrade to Visual Studio 2008. However, as an exercise, I wanted to see if I could still install the WCF extensions in Visual Studio 2005 and have it work side by side with Visual Studio 2008.

First, I had to find the old CTP with the Visual Studio 2005 extensions. It can be downloaded from here. However, when I run it, I got the following error:

WCF Extensions for Visual Studio 2005 Setup Error

The curious thing was that .NET 3.0 was already installed on my machine. I soon realized I was having .NET 3.0 SP2, and the installer was looking for .NET 3.0. Of course, you cannot install 3.0 when a newer version (such as 3.0 SP2) is already installed. So the only option was to change the installer.

Orca is a database editor, allowing you to create and edit MSI files and merge modules. It is provided as a part of Windows Installer SDK. But you can also find stand alone downloads, such as this.

After installing Orca, you can open the MSI file. From Tools > Validate… one can run a validation on the installer. It shown the following errors:

ICE08 ERROR Component: WCFSvcConfigEditor_dll has a duplicate GUID: {714D044E-3136-457E-ADD7-AE3D0FEF021A}
ICE16 ERROR ProductName: ‘Visual Studio 2005 extensions for .NET Framework 3.0 (WCF & WPF), November 2006 CTP’ is greater than 63 characters in length. Current length: 83
ICE77 ERROR CA_CommitHelpTransactionNoRB.3643236F_FC70_11D3_A536_0090278A1BB8 is a in-script custom action. It must be sequenced in between the InstallInitialize action and the InstallFinalize action in the InstallExecuteSequence table

I had to do the following fixes:

• replace the first occurrence of this GUID {714D044E-3136-457E-ADD7-AE3D0FEF021A} with another one
• trim the name “Visual Studio 2005 extensions for .NET Framework 3.0 (WCF & WPF), November 2006 CTP” to “Visual Studio 2005 extensions for .NET Framework 3.0 SP2″
• change the Sequence number of the CA_CommitHelpTransactionNoRB.3643236F_FC70_11D3_A536_0090278A1BB8 action in he InstallExecuteSequence table from 6601 to 6599 so that it is in between InstallInitialize (1500) and InstallFinalize (6600)

But then, came the biggest problem: making the installer work with .NET 3.5 SP2. It was looking in registry for the following key: SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\{15095BF3-A3D7-4DDF-B193-3A496881E003}. The GUID {15095BF3-A3D7-4DDF-B193-3A496881E003} corresponds to .NET 3.0. So in order to make it work with .NET 3.0 SP2 one needs to replace the GUID with {A3051CD0-2F64-3813-A88D-B8DCCDE8F8C7} for the SearchForWinFXruntimeX86Install signature in the RegLocator table.

Once those changes are made all you have to do is save. However, the “Copy embedded steams during ‘Save As’” option should be checked from Tools > Options > Database, before doing the saving. Otherwise the embedded CAB is not copied and the installation won’t work.

Running the modified installer works successfully.

Setup start page

Setup finished

If you start Visual Studio 2005 you can create a new project from one of the WCF project templates.

WCF Project Templates

You can download the altered MSI file from here: The Visual Studio 2005 extensions for.NET Framework 3.0 SP2 (WCF & WPF) (1167).

Note: I must say this again: this scenario is no longer supported. The license for this CTP for WCF extensions for Visual Studio 2005 has expired in 2008. You should upgrade to Visual Studio 2008 to develop WCF applications.

Microsoft has made available a first beta version of an experimental version of .NET 4.0, called .NET Framework 4.0 Beta 1 Enabled for Software Transactional Memory v1.0. Since that is quite a long name, the short one is STM.NET. This is a special version of .NET 4.0 that enables software transactional memory for C#. It allows programmers to demarcate regions of code as operating in an atomic, isolated transaction from other code running concurrently. The means to do this is a delegate called Atomic.Do, or try-catch blocks. Might be that in the future an ‘atomic’ block will be added to the language(s).

This first version of the framework, also comes with additional tools:

• tooling (debugging, ETW tracing)
• lock interoperability
• interoperability with traditional transactions
• annotations (how methods run in transactions, suppressed transactions on methods, etc.)
• static and dynamic checking of annotations

On the other hand there are some limitations:

• only works for C# for now
• cannot be installed on a machine with VS 2010, nor the opposite
• there is only a 32-bit version

More information about it can be found at the STM team blog or MSDN DevLabs.

MSDN Code Gallery made available an update for the Windows API Code Pack for .NET Framework 3.5 (or above), a library that provides access to some Window 7 features and some existing features in previous operating systems. It includes:

• Windows 7 Taskbar Jump Lists, Icon Overlay, Progress Bar, Tabbed Thumbnails, and Thumbnail Toolbars.
• Known Folders, Windows 7 Libraries, non-file system containers, and a hierarchy of Shell Namespace entities.
• Windows 7 Explorer Browser Control.
• Shell property system.
• Windows Vista and Windows 7 Common File Dialogs, including custom controls.
• Windows Vista and Windows 7 Task Dialogs.
• Direct3D 11.0, Direct3D 10.1/10.0, DXGI 1.0/1.1, Direct2D 1.0, DirectWrite, Windows Imaging Component (WIC) APIs. (DirectWrite and WIC have partial support)
• Sensor Platform APIs
• Extended Linguistic Services APIs
• Power Management APIs
• Application Restart and Recovery APIs
• Network List Manager APIs
• ommand Link control and System defined Shell icons.

The requirements for using this library are:

• .NET Framework 3.5
• Windows 7 RC (some features work on previous operating systems too)
• DirectX features have dependency on Windows SDK for Windows 7 RC and March 2009 release of DirectX SDK

You can download the Code Pack library from here.

In a recent post I wrote about Code Contracts in .NET. Now you can find a more detailed article on this topic at sharparena.com. In this article I’m providing more information and examples on:

• pre-conditions
• post-conditions
• object invariants
• asserts and assumptions
• quantifiers

In additions, you should check the official user documentation, which can be found here.

Google has unveil the next product they will launch later this year. It’s called Wave and it’s a communication protocol. It’s like the email of the 21st century, but much more than that. Wave is a collaborative product. The waves are communication objects, both conversation and documents, allowing people to almost instantly communicate on the web.

Waves allow people to send emails, but do it in an instant messaging style, sharing media like pictures and movies and being able to see live what the others are typing or sharing, and playback the entire conversation.

Wave is also an open source platform for building blogging sites or discussion groups. It provides APIs for collaboratively editing documents, building games (and playing back the moves), integrating with other communication systems (like twitter) and others.

To see what wave actually is, see this preview.

You can learn more about the waves here and here.